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| Category: Penetrant | Page: 1 of 1 | |
 Penetrant |
Files: 8 | |
Files:
 Basic Penetrant Process 
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| The penetrant inspection process detects discontinuities open to the inspection surface by trapping a very small amount of the penetrant. If a discontinuity is to be detected, the very small amount of penetrant must be highly visible. In the oil-and-whiting days, it was found that used or dirty oil was much more visible than clean machine oil. Present penetrants obtain visibility by having highly colored dyes dissolved in the penetrating vehicle or oil. The type of dye materials provides one means of classifying penetrants. |
Date File size Hits |
2010-07-17 126.36 KB 116 |
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| Developers
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| This section covers the development process. Development follows penetrant application, dwell, and removal of excess
surface penetrant. The section contains basic, intermediate, and advanced information on the process theory, materials,
and application procedures. The first portion is introductory in nature, discussing the functions and required properties
of developers. The second portion is devoted to the mechanisms and theory of developers. The third portion covers
drying of the part after surface penetrant removal or application of a water base, aqueous, developer. The fourth
portion describes the materials and application procedures for dry, aqueous and nonaqueous developers. The section
concludes with a comparison of the various types of developers. |
Date File size Hits |
2010-07-17 192.99 KB 74 |
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| Introduction to Penetrant Testing
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| Penetrant is used to detect discontinuities, i.e., cracks, pits, etc., open to the surface on parts made of nonporous materials. This method depends on the ability of the penetrant to enter into a surface discontinuity in the material to which it is applied. |
Date File size Hits |
2010-07-17 139.6 KB 104 |
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| Mechanism, Properties and Application of Penetrant
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| This section provides basic, operating, and advanced level information on the penetrant portion of the inspection process. It explains the basic theory of penetrating action on the mechanism of penetration, describes the physical and
chemical properties of penetrants and discusses their effects on the inspection process, describes methods and provides instructions on applying penetrants, and presents information and guidance on the penetrant dwell process. |
Date File size Hits |
2010-07-17 645.5 KB 103 |
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| Penerant Inspection and Interpretation
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| Detection of flaws by the penetrant inspection method depends upon many factors, chiefly, among which are the
selection of the appropriate materials and process, the proper application of the chosen process, the quality of lighting during the examination and the ability of a technician to detect flaw indications. This section provides basic, intermediate, and advanced information on the requirements for a reliable inspection and describes the appearance of indications from various types of flaws. The section covers four topics: general requirements, personnel requirements, lighting requirements and guidance on flaw interpretation. |
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2010-07-17 440.15 KB 72 |
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| Penetrant Removal
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| This section provides basic, intermediate, and advanced information on the theory, methods and procedures used in
removing the excess surface penetrant. The first portion of the section contains general information applicable to all
removal methods. The second portion is devoted to the water washable penetrant processes and water washing or spray
rinsing. The remaining portion covers the theory and procedures used in the postemulsifiable lipophilic,
postemulsifiable hydrophilic and solvent removable penetrant processes. |
Date File size Hits |
2010-07-17 355.2 KB 85 |
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| Pretesting, Cleaning, Pre-Cleaning and Post-Cleaning
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| The treatment and condition of parts prior to inspection have a significant influence on the results of the inspection process. Nondestructive inspection personnel must be aware of the pre-inspection surface treatment processes and their effects on the penetrant process. This section provides the necessary background information but does not contain enough information to permit selection of a cleaning process or to perform major cleaning operations. However, there is information on pretesting and precleaning procedures which NDI personnel perform. |
Date File size Hits |
2010-07-17 71.35 KB 92 |
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| Special Purpose Materials
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| There are a number of penetrant materials that are different than the materials described in the previous sections.
These materials are formulated for special applications and purposes. This section describes these special purpose
materials and discusses the reasons for their use. Application procedures are not covered. The procedures vary widely between materials and manufacturers. Each of the manufacturers provides detailed application procedures for the particular material when it is procured. |
Date File size Hits |
2010-07-17 36.89 KB 93 |
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